Researchers have achieved a significant advancement in the early diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain condition linked to repetitive head injuries, commonly seen in Australian rugby league and AFL players. Historically, confirming CTE could only be achieved post-mortem through autopsy. However, a groundbreaking study conducted by neuroscientists in New Zealand has introduced a potential method for earlier diagnosis, primarily using brain tissue samples from former players.
CTE manifests through symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, mood swings, and impaired judgment, similar to Alzheimer’s disease. The discovery that inflammation patterns around blood vessels differ in those affected by CTE, as noted by University of Auckland research fellow Dr Helen Murray, provides a basis for developing a blood test to diagnose the condition earlier. This effort could allow for timely interventions, offering the possibility to manage symptoms through pharmaceuticals and lifestyle adjustments before the disease progresses.
Previous diagnoses relied exclusively on posthumous examinations, where researchers noted distinguishable brown lesions and abnormal tau protein deposits in the brains of affected individuals. Notably, esteemed NRL legend Wally Lewis has already been diagnosed as likely having CTE using this innovative method.
Dr Michael Buckland, Director of the Australian Sports Brain Bank, underscores the importance of these findings, suggesting they point towards a future where interventions could occur during a patient’s lifetime, potentially improving their quality of life. Lewis, who has publicly shared his struggles with memory issues, emphasises how the condition could hinder everyday interactions, feeling as if he’d forget discussions almost immediately.
The seriousness of CTE has prompted the NRL to implement protective measures for players, including mandatory stand-down periods for those who are concussed. Additionally, the study notes that several sporting icons, including past players like Steve Folks and Paul Green, have succumbed to CTE, while young talents like Keith Titmuss have also exhibited brain changes characteristic of the disease at a young age.
This collaborative research effort brings together brain banks from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States, aiming to solve a critical issue in sports health. Looking forward, Dr Buckland expresses optimism, believing that advancements in technology and funding could lead to living diagnoses within a few years. The implications of this research could greatly impact athlete health and the future of prevention in high-contact sports.