Researchers in Queensland are investigating tumours that have been affecting green tree frogs for over twenty years. The conservation group Frog Safe, Inc., based in North Queensland, has identified around 60 cases of these cancerous growths in white-lipped and common green tree frogs since 1998, with a growing prevalence of the issue.
Dr Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo, a veterinarian pathologist from the University of Queensland, explains that frogs are considered “sentinel species,” meaning their health can indicate potential environmental dangers to humans and other wildlife. Due to their permeable skin, frogs are significantly impacted by their surroundings, absorbing both water and a variety of substances.
Dr Gonzalez-Astudillo stated that environmental stressors—such as increased heat, UV exposure, chemicals, pathogens, and parasites—are likely to be affecting these amphibians. When frogs show signs of illness, this may serve as an early warning system for broader ecological or health issues that could eventually impact other species, including humans.
The research will focus on collecting samples from frogs that cannot be rehabilitated for release back into the wild, a practice known as “opportunistic sampling.” The collected tissues will be kept for further virus testing. Simultaneously, the CSIRO Ecosurveillance Systems team will assess environmental pollutants that could be contributing to these health problems.
Dr Gonzalez-Astudillo acknowledged that understanding the tumour’s causes poses a complex challenge, as cancer can have multiple contributing factors. The team is eager to gather information from the community, encouraging residents of North Queensland to report any sightings of frogs with tumours.
Members of the public are encouraged to remain vigilant while outdoors, whether in their gardens or during walks, as these affected frogs often appear lethargic and may bear visible lumps. If anyone spots a frog with unusual growths, they can contact Frog Safe at (07) 4006 3784 or send photos to sickfrog@frogsafe.org.au. By collaborating, the community can aid in identifying and addressing this concerning phenomenon affecting local wildlife.