In a groundbreaking achievement, researchers have successfully transplanted a genetically modified pig lung into a human recipient, marking a significant step in cross-species organ transplantation. The study, reported in Nature Medicine, details that the lung functioned effectively for nine days, paving the way for potential future advancements in this field.
Many organs from gene-edited pigs—such as kidneys, livers, and hearts—have been previously transplanted into humans with varying success. However, lung transplants have posed unique challenges due to the organ’s complexity. The pioneering procedure was conducted by a team from China’s National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, whereby the left lung of a genetically modified pig was implanted into a 39-year-old man who had been declared brain dead.
Before the transplant, the pig underwent genetic alterations to eliminate antigens that could trigger a human immune response, potentially leading to organ rejection. The study confirmed that the transplanted lung was accepted and maintained its functionality for the nine-day period. However, the researchers noted indications of lung damage within just 24 hours and evidence of antibody-mediated rejection occurring on days three and six post-transplant.
The experiment was concluded on day nine, with the authors recognising it as an important initial step towards successful pig-to-human lung transplants. They emphasised the need for further advancements in the genetic modifications used in donor pigs and improvements in immunosuppressive therapies to prevent immune rejection and support long-term organ viability.
This research not only demonstrates the potential for xenotransplantation (the transplanting of organs between different species) but also highlights the ongoing challenges that must be addressed to ensure the sustainability and success of such procedures in the future.