Scientists from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China have identified a new lineage of coronavirus in bats, capable of entering human cells similarly to the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19. This newly discovered virus, named HKU5-CoV-2, has not been linked to any human infections and health experts assert that it poses no immediate threat to public health.
The study, recently published in the journal Cell, details how the coronavirus was detected in anal swab samples from a bat of the Pipistrellus genus. Laboratory experiments confirmed its ability to infect human cells, indicating a potential pathway for zoonotic transmission. The virus shares its family with the one that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).
The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledged the findings but emphasised that there is currently no cause for concern regarding public health. They intend to continue monitoring viral activity and update the public as necessary. Interestingly, HKU5-CoV-2 does not infect cells as effectively as SARS-CoV-2, which should provide some reassurance.
This research ties back to the Wuhan lab, a site under scrutiny regarding the origins of COVID-19, highlighting the ongoing sensitivity around such studies. However, Dr Amira Roess, a global health professor, reassures that the findings should not incite panic and are essential for understanding potential risks that could arise in the future.
Experts like Dr Alex Greninger from the University of Washington note that many coronaviruses are present in bats, and while vigilance is vital, the emphasis should be placed on existing coronaviruses, such as those causing the common cold, which circulate every winter. Dr Phoebe Lostroh criticises sensationalist media portrayals of the discovery, suggesting that greater concern should be directed towards other infectious diseases, such as avian flu.
The collaborative nature of this research underscores the importance of global partnerships in tracking and understanding viruses that could impact human health. Roess highlights the need for continued global public health collaboration, especially in light of political shifts that threaten previous commitments to international health efforts.
While the study brings attention to the necessity of monitoring wildlife, Roess warns the public to respect these animals and avoid unnecessary interaction, as they can carry other pathogens that could pose serious health risks.