Researchers at the University of Queensland (UQ) have made a significant breakthrough in the fight against Hendra virus, discovering a nanobody that shows promise in neutralising the disease. This development comes shortly after Queensland reported its first fatality from the virus in three years, following a horse’s death attributed to the infection.
Hendra and Nipah viruses are severe, often lethal illnesses originating from flying foxes and bats, then typically passing to horses before occasionally infecting humans. The recent horse death has renewed concern over this dangerous virus.
The UQ team has identified a unique nanobody derived from Chilean alpacas, described as a ‘eureka moment’ by researcher Dr Ariel Isaacs. These nanobodies are compact antibodies capable of penetrating hard-to-reach sites on viruses, allowing them to bind effectively. The specific nanobody in question, named DS90, is currently undergoing tests alongside an antibody therapy developed at UQ.
This nanobody functions by binding to viral proteins, restricting their movement and hindering disease progression, which could potentially prevent further harm. Should these initial trials prove successful, researchers aim to progress to phase two of testing, wherein the treatment would be administered to individuals at higher risk of exposure to the virus.
There’s also hope that this research could pave the way for a vaccine against Hendra virus, an essential measure since none currently exists. The potential implications of Hendra virus infections are severe, as highlighted by Dr Fiona Thompson, acting chief veterinary officer for Biosecurity Queensland, who noted the rapid deterioration caused by the virus, particularly its impact on lungs and the brain, leading to swift organ failure.
The initial identification of Hendra virus in Queensland dates back to 1994, resulting in the deaths of over 90 horses to date. Following the recent incident, authorities are actively ensuring that any possible spread is contained and are closely monitoring the associated property, reaffirming their commitment to public safety and biosecurity.
With this promising discovery, researchers are optimistic about bolstering efforts to protect both animals and humans from the devastating effects of this viral threat.