Recent research highlights the potential mental health risks associated with overly restrictive dieting practices. Experts warn that drastically reducing calorie intake may be linked to heightened symptoms of depression, especially among men and individuals identified as overweight. The study indicates that not only the quantity but also the quality of one’s diet plays a crucial role; consumption of ultraprocessed foods, refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and sugars is correlated with increased depression symptoms. Conversely, those following a Mediterranean-style diet tend to report lower depression rates.
Dr. Venkat Bhat, the study’s lead author, cautions against extreme or unbalanced diets, particularly for individuals already facing weight-related stress. He advocates for balanced and sustainable dietary changes that prioritise nutritional needs while taking psychological impacts into account, to help mitigate adverse mood effects.
The study, whilst substantial, has limitations, such as its observational design, which suggests correlations rather than direct causation. Critics, including Dr. Kary Woodruff, point out that self-reported dietary habits may result in inaccuracies in calorie restriction reporting. There is a notable discrepancy with previous studies that suggested calorie restrictions could alleviate depression symptoms, particularly when diets were medically supervised.
Dr. Johanna Keeler, another expert, proposes that unsupervised dieting can lead to nutritional deficiencies and negatively impact mood. Therefore, while structured weight loss programs under professional guidance might yield positive mental health outcomes, individuals on unrestricted diets could experience frustration and emotional setbacks, particularly if they do not lose weight. Insufficient caloric intake can lead to fatigue, sleep disturbances, and concentration issues, compounding mental health challenges.
Extreme dieting is also linked to increased anxiety and a higher likelihood of developing eating disorders. To promote better mental health and overall well-being, Woodruff suggests moderate caloric restriction that aligns with a healthful eating pattern. Individuals should focus on what to include in their diet rather than solely what to exclude, by ensuring meals are balanced with proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, and plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Before embarking on any weight loss journey, seeking advice from a medical professional is essential. Small, incremental changes toward a more balanced lifestyle are often more sustainable than harsh restrictions. Prioritising nutritional quality can significantly enhance overall health and quality of life, as noted by Woodruff. By examining dietary habits more closely and making mindful adjustments, one can foster better health without resorting to extreme measures.