Australia has reported a new fatality linked to the Hendra virus, a serious disease that can be transmitted from horses to humans. The virus primarily originates in flying foxes and is most often passed to horses, with rare cases of transmission to dogs and humans.
Biosecurity Queensland confirmed that an unvaccinated horse in the south-east tested positive for the virus and subsequently died as its health deteriorated quickly. This marks the first occurrence of Hendra virus in the state since 2022. Authorities are working with the horse’s owner to manage the situation and contain any potential risks to the property. Dr. Fiona Thompson, Acting Chief Veterinary Officer at Biosecurity Queensland, stated that investigations are underway to assess other horses and animals that came into contact with the infected horse.
Queensland Health is also involved, ensuring that individuals who may have had exposure to the equine case are notified. Although human transmission is rare, contact with infected horses poses a risk. Dr. Heidi Carroll, Chief Health Officer, noted that most exposed individuals do not contract the virus, but those with significant exposure will undergo prioritised testing. It has been clarified that the affected horse was not a racehorse, and both Biosecurity Queensland and Racing Queensland have urged anyone concerned about potential exposure to reach out to their veterinarian.
The Hendra virus was first identified during an outbreak at a Brisbane racing stable in 1994, resulting in over 90 infected horses, all of which died or were euthanised. In total, seven humans have been infected, leading to four fatalities, with the last known case in 2009. Horses are believed to become infected via contact with contaminated fluids from flying foxes, and the virus can spread among horses through direct contact.
In humans, initial symptoms resemble influenza, such as fever, cough, and headaches, potentially escalating to severe neurological issues. The incubation period for the virus in humans can range from five to 21 days after exposure.
While horses can be vaccinated against Hendra, there is currently no vaccine for humans. Dr. Thompson highlighted the importance of maintaining biosecurity and personal hygiene practices when interacting with horses, even if they are vaccinated. Horse owners are urged to seek veterinary assistance at the first sign of illness in their animals and to comply with Biosecurity Queensland’s guidelines, which include regular handwashing and the use of protective gear.