Australia has reported its fourth fatality from Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV), a rare and deadly virus that can remain dormant for years. This recent case marks the first in New South Wales and follows three previous instances in Queensland. Understanding ABLV is crucial as it can be transmitted to humans through bites or scratches, or via bat saliva contacting broken skin or mucous membranes.
ABLV, closely related to rabies, was first identified in 1996. It circulates in various bat populations across Australia, including fruit bats and microbats. However, the actual incidence of the virus among bats is relatively low, as studies indicate that many healthy bats do not carry the virus.
Recognising symptoms of ABLV is difficult, as infected bats often display no unusual external signs. When contracted, symptoms can begin resembling flu-like conditions such as headaches, fever, and fatigue, but can escalate rapidly to severe neurological issues — including paralysis and delirium — typically leading to death within a couple of weeks. The challenge in identifying the disease lies in the varying incubation periods, which can range from days to years.
If bitten or scratched by a bat, immediate action is vital. Health authorities recommend extensive washing of the wound, applying antiseptic, and seeking professional medical advice urgently. Although there is currently no specific vaccine for ABLV, post-exposure treatment involves rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccinations, which can be effective if administered right away.
To prevent ABLV, it is essential to steer clear of bats. Only trained and vaccinated wildlife personnel should engage with these animals to minimise risks. With this latest death highlighting the dangers of ABLV, public awareness and caution around bats are more critical than ever.