In east Texas, Shenice Copenhaver has been grappling with the impact of a burgeoning cryptocurrency mining facility, just under a mile from her home. Initially, she noticed unusual balding among her dogs, which was later attributed to genetics. However, the real disturbance came with the arrival of bitcoin miners in the summer of 2022, bringing with them a constant, overwhelming mechanical howl.
As hundreds of residents in Granbury – a town of about 12,600 – can attest, the sound has become an inescapable presence, leading to sleepless nights and rising decibel levels. Neighbours have likened the noise to that of a jet engine or a waterfall, with many experiencing anxiety, insomnia, and other health issues as a result of the disturbance. Copenhaver describes the sensation of being jolted awake by the vibrations, while her neighbour, Cheryl Shadden, echoes similar sentiments about losing peace and quiet in their lives.
The rise of cryptocurrency mining in the U.S. has been meteoric, particularly after China curtailed operations in 2021, prompting many operations to relocate. The industry now consumes a staggering 2.3% of the nation’s electricity grid, with space for expansion fuelled by substantial financial backing – over $3.7 billion in bonds since November alone. Prominent figures including former President Donald Trump have advocated for this industry’s growth, positioning America as a leader in bitcoin mining while opposing regulatory measures suggested by President Biden.
Texas, with its access to inexpensive energy, has become a prime location for these facilities. Miners often strike deals with energy producers to utilise surplus power, leading to accusations of inequitably concentrating electrical costs onto local residents. For instance, average mining operations pay a fraction of residential electricity rates.
As complaints mount, some locales are bearing the brunt of the noise. In areas like Granbury, mining operations have been the targets of lawsuits, alleging noise pollution and health consequences. Affected residents report conditions such as tinnitus and hypertension, spurred by chronic exposure to low-frequency sounds. Critics, including residents like Dave Simpson from Wyoming, have expressed frustration at the industry’s impact on their property values and living conditions.
In response to community backlash, mining companies have pledged to enhance operations by implementing noise-reduction measures such as immersive cooling technologies and sound walls. However, residents remain sceptical, often questioning the effectiveness of these promises. Recently, a local firm withdrew plans for a new gas plant after public outcry, marking a small victory for local advocates.
Despite these ongoing struggles, many residents, including Copenhaver, continue to feel overwhelmed by the persistent drone of mining operations, longing for a return to quieter times. Three years later, as she awaits the return of her dogs’ fur, she reflects on how her pets have adapted to a life overshadowed by the hum of the mine.