Driving around Tongatapu, the largest of Tonga’s 170 islands, takes less than three hours, covering a distance of approximately 100 kilometres. The island’s foreshore is alive with local families peddling freshly caught seafood and a range of fruits and vegetables, all while life here unfolds at a leisurely pace amid the intense humidity.
Amid its natural beauty, Tongatapu’s landscape contrasts sharply with the emergence of bright red supermarkets owned and operated by Chinese nationals, present on nearly every corner. Local District Officer Taisi Takau expressed alarm at the sight of these stores, highlighting that around 80 per cent of businesses now operate under Chinese management. He voiced concerns regarding China’s pervasive influence in various sectors, from retail to fishing, and its implications for Tonga’s sovereignty.
Significant Chinese investments, framed as gifts, further emphasise Beijing’s growing presence in the region. For instance, the stunning St George Palace—housing government offices—was a $30 million donation from China, while a new $55 million sports complex for the upcoming 2031 Pacific Games exemplifies infrastructure tied to Chinese aid. Additionally, a wind power project with Chinese financial backing aims to boost Tonga’s renewable energy ambitions.
Despite the allure of these investments, concerns of “debt-trap diplomacy” loom large, particularly as Tonga struggles to repay a $190 million loan from China incurred for the reconstruction of its capital following civil unrest in 2006. Tonga’s former ambassador to Beijing, Colonel Siamelie Latu, however, insists the nation can manage its debt and notes China’s role in offering assistance where Western contributions have been lacking.
This shifting geopolitical landscape has raised eyebrows, particularly in Australia, as China expands its influence across the Pacific. Recent agreements with the Solomon Islands and the Cook Islands signify a trend towards increased Chinese engagement, with police forces in nations like Fiji and Vanuatu also incorporating Chinese personnel.
Tonga’s Speaker of Parliament, Lord Fakafanua, takes a balanced approach, advocating for a relationship that embraces both Eastern and Western influences while acknowledging the challenging global dynamics at play. The Australian government has responded by enhancing its support for Tonga, recently pledging $85 million over four years to strengthen ties and foster diplomacy.
In a notable display of soft diplomacy, local school children play rugby league, supported by a partnership between Australia and the NRL. Fakafanua stresses the importance of community engagement in navigating the complexities of international relations.
As concerns about military developments in the region rise, Australia remains vigilant, particularly with the Chinese navy’s activities in the area. The Royal Australian Navy’s rising capabilities signal a response to a rapidly evolving strategic environment, with officials urging preparedness for potential challenges ahead.