There’s a growing concern regarding rat lungworm disease, a rat-borne illness linked to rising cases in dogs across eastern Australia. The disease, scientifically known as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is caused by a parasitic worm that resides in rats but can also infect snails and slugs, presenting a risk to both humans and dogs.
Experts have noted a significant increase in instances of this disease in dogs, especially in Sydney and Brisbane, over the last five years. Since 2019, the number of cases has escalated, peaking at 32 cases in 2022, largely influenced by above-average rainfall from La Niña events, which are believed to enhance disease transmission conditions.
Historically, fewer than ten cases were reported annually from 2010 to 2018. This recent spike raises alarms about potential human health threats, given that rat lungworm can also infect people. In humans, infection typically occurs through the consumption of infected snails, slugs, or their residue on vegetables.
While most affected individuals recover without the need for treatment, infections can lead to severe health issues, including meningitis, which requires specialised care. The parasite often targets the brain in both dogs and humans, eliciting a strong immune response that results in symptoms such as intense headaches.
The disease was notably responsible for two fatalities in Australia, including that of Sam Ballard, who tragically died after ingesting an infected slug in 2010. This history underscores the serious implications of rat lungworm disease.
Researchers underscore the importance of avoiding contact with potentially contaminated food sources, advising the general public not to consume raw snails or slugs and to thoroughly wash fresh produce before eating it. Additionally, people are encouraged to maintain hygiene practices, such as washing hands after gardening or handling slugs and snails.
As rat lungworm disease continues to pose risks to both pets and humans, increased awareness and proactive measures will be crucial in mitigating its spread. Authorities, including NSW Health, categorise this disease as an "extremely rare infection" but assert that the risk remains present and should not be overlooked. The ecological link between increased rainfall and disease prevalence emphasises the potential for future outbreaks, necessitating ongoing vigilance in both urban and rural settings.