A significant marine heat wave in the Mediterranean Sea is coinciding with a heat dome, resulting in extreme early summer temperatures across Europe. This emerging pattern reflects the ongoing impacts of climate change, with rising ocean temperatures contributing to record-breaking heat on land, causing severe floods and wildfires.
Currently, the Mediterranean’s water temperatures are 9 degrees Celsius above average, particularly affecting the western region near southern France. This unusual ocean warmth is fuelling high humidity levels that contribute to elevated nighttime temperatures. As hot air from Africa pushes into Europe, it intensifies the marine heat wave, creating a cyclical feedback loop.
Spain and Portugal are experiencing unprecedented highs, with temperatures reaching 46 degrees Celsius in the Spanish town of El Granado, marking a national record for June. Portugal is not far behind, reporting similar temperatures that may set new records. Meanwhile, France is encountering widespread heat, exceeding 37 degrees in numerous towns and cities. A red heat wave warning, the highest alert level, has been issued for 16 départements in France, including areas around Paris, where schools have closed and tourists are urged to avoid the Eiffel Tower due to safety concerns.
The United Kingdom is also battling excessive heat, facing its second heatwave of the season with temperatures surpassing 32 degrees Celsius — uncomfortable conditions in a nation with limited air conditioning. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting warns that the ongoing heat wave is exposing millions to significant heat stress, with temperatures more consistent with July and August norms.
As temperatures surge, wildfires have erupted in several countries, with significant evacuations in Turkey as firefighters confront devastating blazes in Izmir and Manisa. In Italy, outdoor work has been suspended to safeguard workers from the extreme weather. Authorities across Europe are adopting creative measures, like offering free museum tours and establishing “climate oases,” to help residents cope with the heat.
Forecasts indicate that record-breaking temperatures may also occur in Germany as the heat extends eastward, but relief in the form of cooler air is anticipated from the west soon after. Human-induced climate change continues to play a crucial role in the increased frequency and intensity of these heat waves, with Europe warming at an alarming rate — double that of the global average. As marine heat waves become more commonplace, the call for action against climate change grows ever more urgent.