Australian researchers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by identifying specific genes associated with the condition for the first time. A team at QIMR Berghofer in Queensland conducted an extensive study, regarded as the largest of its kind, highlighting the complexities of this often misunderstood mental health disorder.
The findings could provide insights that may enhance treatments for the estimated half a million Australians affected by OCD and hasten diagnosis for others. The study, published in Nature Genetics, encompassed over 50,000 individuals with OCD and contrasted this data with that of two million unaffected participants. Notably, researchers identified around 250 genes that are linked to OCD.
Professor Eske Derks, senior leader of the Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory at QIMR Berghofer, expressed enthusiasm about the results, stating, "This is the first study where we found actual genes that play a role in OCD, which is really exciting." The research has significantly advanced the understanding of the genetic underpinnings of OCD, which is often mischaracterised primarily as an obsession with cleanliness or repetitive checking behaviours. In reality, OCD manifests in varied forms, including severe worries about causing harm, doubts related to personal relationships, and existential concerns.
The investigation revealed that the implicated genes show heightened activity in three crucial brain regions: the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex. This aligns with previous research that indicates mutual genetic influences among OCD, anxiety disorders, depression, and even anorexia nervosa.
Professor Derks noted the overlap in genetics between these mental health conditions and urged for increased funding to further the research. He emphasised that the next phase would involve leveraging these genetic findings to repurpose existing medications currently used for other disorders to treat OCD, potentially opening avenues for more innovative therapeutic options.
OCD typically emerges in late childhood or early adolescence; however, it can also develop in women following childbirth. Current treatment approaches include psychological therapies, medications, and community support mechanisms to assist those suffering from this challenging condition.