Residents of New South Wales (NSW) have received a health warning following the identification of Buruli ulcer, a rare and dangerous flesh-eating condition, in the state’s south. This skin infection is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans and can lead to severe skin and bone damage, potentially resulting in lasting disfigurement or disability.
Between 2021 and 2023, NSW reported only three instances of this infection, but a new case has recently emerged in the Eurobodalla region, located south-east of Canberra. The Southern NSW Local Health District is urging the community to remain vigilant for symptoms such as painless swelling that can develop into an ulcer over several weeks. The health district emphasises that anyone with a persistent skin ulcer should seek medical advice.
Though the exact method of transmission is still ambiguous, studies indicate that mosquitoes could play a significant role in spreading the infection. Residents are advised to minimise the risk of Buruli ulcer by using mosquito repellent containing DEET and wearing loose, light-coloured clothing covering their arms and legs.
The incidence of Buruli ulcer has primarily been seen in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Victoria, where cases have surged from 200 to 360 annually since 2017. While it’s uncommon in NSW, health officials stress the importance of awareness and preventive measures, particularly as the newly confirmed case indicates a potential spread.
Buruli ulcer usually manifests as a red spot that develops painlessly into an ulcer, without initial fever or discomfort. Symptoms may not become evident until four to five months after exposure, making early detection challenging. It is also noted that the infection is not contagious, but prompt treatment with antibiotics is crucial for a full recovery and to minimise tissue damage.
Globally, Buruli ulcer has been reported in 33 countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Western Pacific, predominantly affecting tropical and subtropical areas, excluding Australia and Japan. Given these patterns, the health district advises continued vigilance and proactive prevention to protect the community from this rare condition.