The latest report by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) highlights 2024 as the warmest year recorded in the South-West Pacific, with temperatures rising 0.48 degrees above the average of the past 30 years. This alarming trend coincided with significant marine heatwaves affecting nearly 40 million square kilometres of ocean—an area five times larger than Australia—particularly impacting the equatorial region.
The report details that during the initial half of the year, marine heatwaves intensified across Western Australia, where they approached record temperatures close to 50 degrees Celsius in February. These extreme weather conditions were not isolated, as floods and severe weather also impacted several countries in the region. The WMO warns that such climatic changes pose serious risks to public health, livelihoods, and the stability of ecosystems.
Notably, 2024 recorded unprecedented sea-surface temperatures and near-record ocean heat content, with marine heatwaves extending their reach to over 10% of the global ocean. On land, Australia experienced extreme heat, intense rainfall, and unprecedented cyclone activity, which had devastating impacts on communities and the environment.
Ahead of World Oceans Day, Monash University’s Associate Professor Shayne McGregor emphasised that Australia is particularly vulnerable due to its ocean-driven climate variability, which affects rainfall patterns, heatwaves, and fire risks. The current oceanic shifts—such as rising sea levels and changing currents—are not merely environmental concerns; they have economic implications, impacting water security, food production, insurance costs, and energy infrastructure planning.
In summary, the WMO’s findings for 2024 underline the considerable challenges posed by climate change in the South-West Pacific, with urgent action needed to address the escalating threats to both natural ecosystems and human societies.