Australia is currently facing a significant decline in adoption rates, with nearly 5,000 children stuck in institutional housing. Adoption numbers have dropped alarmingly, with just 155 children adopted in 2024-25 compared to over 260 in 2020-21, marking a staggering 98% decrease since the 1970s. This decline is largely attributed to the introduction of open adoption laws in the 1980s and 1990s.
The number of overseas adoptions has also sharply fallen, from 37 in 2020-21 to only 19 in 2024-25, representing adoptions from just six countries: Thailand, Taiwan, India, Colombia, Hong Kong, and South Korea. Domestic adoptions make up almost 90% of adoptions finalised recently, predominantly involving known child adoptions, which decreased by about 20% as well.
Renee Leigh, the chief executive of Adopt Change, expresses concern over the impact of dwindling adoption rates on vulnerable children. She highlights that the lack of case plans for many children in care and the limited opportunities for local and international adoptions are primary drivers of the decline. Despite a perceived interest in adoption, many children don’t have a clear path towards it, often facing delays or complete lack of access.
The process of adoption not only presents a challenge due to slow bureaucratic procedures but also the financial burden involved. Domestic adoption can exceed $3,000, while international adoption fees may surpass $10,000, making it prohibitive for many families. Moreover, the stigma surrounding foster care, which is seen as temporary, discourages potential adoptive parents who seek more stable solutions.
About 4,800 children currently in Australia’s care system live in institutional settings rather than family-based homes, placing them at higher risk of adverse outcomes such as homelessness and educational challenges. Leigh argues that the existing adoption framework isn’t serving the needs of these children promptly and effectively.
The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the situation by disrupting international adoptions, with wait times extending to around four years. Leigh advocates for increased attention to adoption and stable guardianship as essential measures to provide beneficial outcomes for children unable to return to their families.
Amid these challenges, the adoption landscape in Australia appears to favour formalising existing relationships rather than connecting children with new families. While the long wait times for processing adoptions create further deterrents, Leigh encourages a re-evaluation of policies to foster a more supportive environment for adoption.
As Australia grapples with these pressing issues, the emphasis on finding permanent homes for children in need remains critical.