Chinese authorities have implemented measures this week to contain an outbreak of chikungunya, a virus responsible for fever and joint pain. Reports indicate that over 7,000 cases have emerged, predominantly in Foshan, a manufacturing city in southern China.
Chikungunya, named after a Makonde term meaning “that which bends up,” was first recognised during a Tanzanian outbreak in 1952. It is mainly transmitted by infected mosquitoes, leading to typically mild symptoms that include fever, muscle aches, fatigue, and skin rashes. Most individuals recover within one to two weeks without medical intervention. However, severe joint pain may persist for months or even years in some cases, occasionally necessitating hospitalisation.
The World Health Organisation notes that serious cases and fatalities are unusual, often affecting infants or older adults with pre-existing health conditions. While no specific antiviral treatment exists for chikungunya, symptomatic relief is available through medications that alleviate pain and reduce fever. In some regions, such as the UK, Brazil, Canada, and Europe, two vaccines have been approved, mainly for travellers, but they are not generally accessible in the most affected areas.
Chikungunya typically triggers outbreaks in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, with sporadic occurrences in Europe. Data from July indicated approximately 240,000 cases globally, including 90 deaths across 16 nations. The highest infection rates were reported in Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru.
In response to the outbreak in Foshan, authorities are distributing mosquito nets and conducting insecticide spraying in residential and public areas. Residents are discouraged from allowing water to collect in containers, as this can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Those failing to comply may face fines or even services being cut off. Additionally, the US has issued travel advisories against visiting China’s Guangdong province, where Dongguan and other business centres are located.
The current outbreak is exacerbated by unusual heavy rainfall and increased temperatures this year in China. Experts have observed a rise in chikungunya and similar mosquito-borne diseases since 2000, attributing this trend to climate change and urban development. The risk of chikungunya spreading further, particularly in other humid, densely populated areas in southern China, remains a concern as climate shifts continue.
Overall, as efforts to control the chikungunya outbreak continue, the situation highlights the importance of public health measures in managing vector-borne diseases amidst changing environmental conditions.