Researchers from Australia are embarking on a significant study aimed at uncovering the genetic factors that contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS), a condition that affects over 33,000 people in the country. While the precise causes of MS remain elusive, it is thought to be linked to genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and a virus called Epstein-Barr.
Scientists at the University of South Australia are exploring the biological mechanisms that influence an individual’s susceptibility to MS. Understanding the role of the Epstein-Barr virus is a particular focus, especially since it is a common virus affecting up to 90% of the population, yet only some individuals develop MS. Lead researcher, Dr David Stacey, suggests that the immune system’s response to this virus could be crucial, and genetics may provide insights into that response.
The study employs a groundbreaking method known as “recall by genotype,” a first for Australia, to investigate the genetic underpinnings of MS. It aims to calculate genetic risk scores for over 1,000 South Australians who do not have MS, comparing their genetic traits to identify those with higher or lower risks. The expectation is that individuals with a greater genetic risk for MS may exhibit biological differences even in the absence of the disease. If successful, this research could shed light on the relationship between the Epstein-Barr virus and MS, potentially leading to early warning signs or biomarkers for the condition.
Dr Stacey emphasises the need for careful consideration of the ethical implications involved in identifying at-risk individuals. The study will address critical questions about how to share genetic risk information with patients, particularly since such findings may not currently lead to actionable medical interventions. This will help set standards for how future genetic studies handle personal risk information and related ethical, legal, and social issues.
Ultimately, the hope is that this study will pave the way for the development of early diagnostic tools and preventive strategies for MS, significantly impacting the lives of those at risk.