Archaeologists have made a remarkable discovery of an ancient city in Peru’s Barranca province, believed to date between 1800 and 1500 BC. Named Peñico, this city is situated around 200 kilometres north of Lima and is postulated to have played a vital role in connecting coastal communities, the Andes mountains, and the Amazon basin.
Notably, Peñico is located near the Supe Valley, home to Caral, the oldest known civilisation in the Americas, which emerged approximately 5,000 years ago. The excavation team spent eight years studying the site, uncovering 18 structures, including buildings made from stone and mud.
Among the findings, one particular structure featured depictions of pututus, traditional shell trumpets that were significant in Andean societies. These instruments were not only used to summon gatherings and announce important events but were also considered symbols of social importance. They served as ritual offerings to deities as thanks for requested and received blessings.
In addition to the architectural remains, the team discovered clay sculptures representing humans and animals, beaded necklaces, and various ceremonial artefacts. Dr. Ruth Shady, the lead archaeologist and director of the Caral Archaeological Zone, highlighted that this find is crucial for understanding the fate of the Caral civilisation following the impacts of climate change. Shady noted that Peñico’s strategic location facilitated trade and exchange with different societies across the coast, highlands, and jungle regions.
Overall, the unearthing of Peñico provides invaluable insights into ancient Andean life and its interconnected societies, reflecting a rich cultural tapestry that has persisted through time.