The recent election of Pope Leo XIV has raised questions and expectations, particularly regarding his commitment to social justice, which resonates with the legacy of Pope Francis. According to Natalia Imperatori-Lee, the chair of religious studies at Manhattan University, the choice of the name Leo XIV indicates a continuation of the work established by Pope Leo XIII, who led the Catholic Church from 1878 to 1903. Leo XIII is renowned for introducing modern Catholic social teaching, especially through his influential 1891 encyclical, Rerum Novarum, which addressed key issues surrounding workers’ rights during the industrial era.
Pope Leo XIII was critical of both unchecked capitalism and state-driven socialism, laying the groundwork for a distinctive Catholic perspective on economics. Imperatori-Lee interprets the new pope’s name as a strong emblem of his dedication to social issues, suggesting that it highlights a sustained focus on the social justice themes central to Francis’ papacy.
Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni emphasised that the name Leo explicitly references Leo XIII and his social teachings, particularly the seminal Rerum Novarum. The name also draws on historical figures such as Pope Leo I, known for defusing a potential invasion by Attila the Hun through diplomacy. This historical connection emphasises a narrative of leadership and moral guidance.
Moreover, the name Leo may also evoke Brother Leo, a companion of Saint Francis of Assisi, reflecting a deeper connection to the Franciscan tradition that Pope Francis himself embraced. This continuity reinforces the idea that Pope Leo XIV is signalling an ongoing commitment to the humanitarian principles espoused by his predecessors.
Traditionally, popes used their birth names until the 11th century when they began adopting new names to signify continuity and purpose. Historically, many have chosen names in homage to their predecessors, with John being the most frequently selected name. However, more recent popes have tended to select names that reflect their papal mission.
In summary, Pope Leo XIV’s name choice signifies a clear intention to prioritise social justice and continues the legacy of Pope Leo XIII and Pope Francis, indicating a commitment to the Church’s social doctrine during a time of pressing social issues.